A Conceptual Study on Web-Based Marketing Tools in the Tourism Industry

Today, the globalization of the world economy and the rapid development of the technology sharpens competition amongst the companies. Along with the rapidly developing innovations, conventional trade approaches in the field of information technology has started to gain different perspectives. Information and communication technologies provide significant support for web marketing practices in virtual environments in last two decades. The assessments of the web sites of tourism establishments provide positive effects for the customers that search holiday on the Internet. In this paper, web-based online marketing tools in tourism industry have been discussed, and suggestions were given

Examination of Learning Equity among Prospective Science Teachers Who are Concrete, Formal and Postformal Reasoners after an Argumentation-Based Inquiry Course

This study had two research purposes. First, we examined the scientific reasoning gains of prospective science teachers who are concrete, formal, and postformal reasoners in an argumentation-based physics inquiry instruction. Second, we sought conceptual knowledge and achievement gaps between these student groups before and after the instruction. Results were reported for 114 prospective science teachers. Results showed that concrete reasoners’ scientific reasoning gain was higher than those of formal and postformal reasoners. Moreover postformal reasoners outperformed formal and concrete reasoners on a situational conceptual knowledge subscale before and after instruction. In addition, postformal and formal reasoners scored higher than concrete reasoners both on an initial achievement and final achievement measures. However, in-depth analyses showed that final achievement differences between postformal and concrete, and formal and concrete reasoners were lower than their respective initial achievement differences. Implications for teacher education programs were discussed according to these findings

Prospective Secondary Science Teachers\u27 Argumentation Skills and the Interaction of These Skills with Their Conceptual Knowledge

This study investigated if prospective secondary science teachers enhance their argumentation skills and the interaction of the change in their argumentation skills with their conceptual knowledge during an argumentation-based guided inquiry course. 37 prospective secondary science teachers constituted the study sample. They were grouped according to whether or not they had a misconception about understanding of balanced forces at the beginning of the course. They performed oral and written argumentation tasks during the course. Their written argumentation tasks were assessed four times during the course for balanced forces and sinking and floating behaviour of objects. Results indicated that prospective secondary science teachers developed mostly counter-argument and rebuttal skills. In addition, different trends of the change in argumentation skills were identified for prospective secondary science teachers having a misconception and those having a scientific conception. Implications for teacher education and science education were discussed according to these results

Low Voltage Battery Management System With Internal Adaptive Charger and Fuzzy Logic Controller

Lithium ion (Li-Ion) and lithium polymer (Li-Po) batteries need to be used within certain voltage/current limits. Failure to observe these limits may result in damage to the battery. In this work, we propose a low voltage battery management system (LV-BMS) that balances the processes of the battery cells in the battery pack and the activating-deactivating of cells by guaranteeing that the operation is within these limits. The system operates autonomously and provides energy from the internal battery. It has a modular structure and the software is designed to control the charging and discharging of eight battery cells at most. A STM32F103 microcontroller is used for system control. The fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is used to set the discharge voltage limit to prevent damage to the battery cells, shorten the settlement time and create a specialized design for charge control. The proposed structure enables solar panel or power supplies with di erent voltage values between 5 V and 8 V to be used for charging. The experimental results show there was a 42% increase in usage time and the voltage di erence between the batteries was limited to a maximum of 65 mV. Moreover, the charge current settles at about 20 ms, which is a much faster response when compared to a PID controller

Dosimetric phantom consistency of TMR-10 protocol in homogeneous and inhomogeneous regions in gamma knife radiosurgery planning

Introduction: The algorithms used in the GammaPlan treatment planning system are “Tissue Maximum Ratio (TMR) classical,”“TMR 10,” and “convolution” algorithms, respectively. In this study, the consistency of dosimetric measurements with the TMR 10 protocol used in SRC (stereotactic radiosurgery) planning in lesions located in homogeneous and inhomogeneous regions in different intracranial location scenarios was investigated. Methods: In this study, the accuracy of administration of multiple metastasis treatment on the Gamma Knife Perfexion device was investigated. Computed tomography was performed with 1 mm cross-section intervals of CIRS brand Atom randofantoma. Critical organs and three different brain metastases located in homogeneous and heterogeneous regions, which are not on the same plane with each other, were drawn on the phantom. Planned target volume (PTV) volumes were created without margining the drawn gross tumor volumes, and three separate plans were made for three different PTV volumes. All plans were calculated using the TMR 10 algorithm. Critical organ doses were kept below the brain-SRC criteria for all calculated plans. Gafchromic EBT-3 film was placed on the sections with the target volume drawn on the phantoms and irradiated (1600 cGy, 50% isodose area). Measurements were made three times. The measured film results and the doses calculated from the planning were compared with gamma index analysis for different tolerance values. Results: In our study, for three different lesions planned and irradiated with different gradient index values, a difference of 2.11–9.58% was observed between the values calculated with the TMR-10 protocol and the values obtained in the dosimet- ric measurement. A decrease in consistency was observed, especially in inhomogeneous region placements. Discussion and Conclusion: There may be inconsistency between the TMR-10 protocol and actual dosimetric measurements, especially around inhomogeneous intracranial structures. We hope that this inconsistency will decrease in the future with the developing dose calculation protocols

ARAZİ TOPLULAŞTIRMA PROJELERİNİN PARSEL ŞEKİL DEĞİŞİMİNE ETKİSİNİN ANALİZİ: MANYAS/SALUR MAHALLESİ ÖRNEĞİ, TÜRKİYE

Tarımsal faaliyetlerin gerçekleştirildiği alanlar, ülkenin kalkınmasında önemli bir sosyo-ekonomik ve kültürel rol oynamakla birlikte çevresel ve ekolojik olarak da gereklidir (Dacko vd., 2021). İnsanların temel beslenme ihtiyaçlarının karşılama noktasında ülkelerin kendi kendine yetebilmesi (Kakli, 1979) ve gıda güvencesinin sağlanması (Rivera ve Qamar, 2003), doğrudan ve dolaylı olarak istihdam olanakları tarımsal faaliyetlerle gerçekleştirilmektedir (De Haas, 2007)

ARAZİ TOPLULAŞTIRMA PROJELERİNİN ARAZİ PARÇALANMASI DEĞİŞİMİNE ETKİSİ BAKIMINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: MANYAS / YENİKÖY MAHALLESİ ÖRNEĞİ, TÜRKİYE

Dünya nüfusunun sürekli artmasına karşın ekilebilir tarım topraklarının giderek azalması, doğal afetler ve salgın hastalıklar, sınırlı ve kıt bir doğal kaynak olan bu alanların üzerindeki baskıyı daha da arttırmaktadır. Tarım topraklarının korunması, geliştirilmesi ve sürdürülebilir şekilde kullanılabilmesi amacıyla, ekonomik açıdan tarımsal üretime uygun arazilerin geliştirilmesi ve niteliklerine uygun olarak kullanılması önem taşımaktadır (Lök ve Değirmenci, 2019)

Ilık Hidromekanik Derin Çekme Prosesinin Sonlu Elemanlar Analizi Ve Parametrik Optimizasyonu

Konferans Bildirisi -- Teorik ve Uygulamalı Mekanik Türk Milli Komitesi, 2015Conference Paper -- Theoretical and Applied Mechanical Turkish National Committee, 2015Bu çalışmada otomotiv sanayiinde taşıt ağırlığını azaltmak için giderek artan şekilde kullanılan alüminyum alaşımlarının şekillendirilmesinde kullanılan geleneksel yöntemlerin yerini almaya başlayan ılık hidromekanik derin çekme prosesinin kapsamlı bir sonlu elemanlar modeli oluşturulmuştur. Farklı eleman sayıları ve eleman formülasyonları, temasta bulunan bileşenler için farklı sürtünme katsayıları ve malzeme modelleri sistematik bir şekilde denenerek sonlu eleman modeli için en uygun tercihler ve değerler belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın ikinci kısmında ise, oluşturulan sonlu elemanlar modeli ile ılık hidromekanik derin çekme işlemindeki takım sıcaklıklarının ve yükleme profillerinin (hidrolik basıncı ve baskı plakası kuvveti) en iyi şekillendirilebilirliği veren değerleri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışmalar neticesinde, malzeme davranışını en iyi elastik-viskoplastik-termal malzeme modelinin yansıttığı belirlenmiştir. Coulomb sürtünme katsayıları sac-kalıp ara yüzeyi için 0.05, sac-baskı plakası için 0.05 ve sac-zımba sürtünme yüzeyleri arasında 0.25 olarak tespit edilmiştir. En iyi şekillendirmenin sağlanabilmesi için kalıp ve zımbaya ait sıcaklık değerleri sırasıyla 300 ve 25 °C olarak belirlenmiştir. Hidrolik basıncın baskı plakasının kuvvetine göre daha etkin bir parametre olduğu görülmüştür.In current study, a comprehensive finite element modeling was established for warm hydromechanical deep drawing process which is a promising technique in forming of aluminum alloys that are expected to be increasingly exploited in automotive industry along with lightweighting efforts. Different number of elements and element formulations, coefficients of friction for contacting surfaces and material models were systematically tested and optimum choices and values were determined. In the second part of the study, optimum tool temperature, and loading profiles (hydraulic pressure and blank holder force) were obtained parametrically to achieve highest formability in warm hydromechanical deep drawing process by using established FE model. As a result, elastic-viscoplastic-thermal material model was found to be reflecting the material behavior better compared to other material models utilized. Coulomb friction coefficient for contacting surfaces blank-die, blank-blank holder and blank-punch were determined as 0.05, 0.05 and 0.25, respectively. Optimal temperatures values for die and punch were determined as 300 and 25°C, respectively when highest formability is taken into account. Hydraulic pressure was found to be more effective on formability than blank holder force

Design of a Real-Time Microcontroller for Interleaved Boost Converter

Devre ve kullanılan elemanların boyutlarını küçültmek, çıkış gerilimi dalgalılık ve darbe genlik modülasyonu doluluk oranını azaltmak için literatürde paralel yapıdaki yükseltici tip güç dönüştürücüsü önerilmiştir. Bu yapının yüklü ve yüksüz durumda kararlı çıkış sağlayabilmesi için çeşitli kontrol metotları uygulanmış ve performansları deneysel ortamda karşılaştırılmıştır. Tasarlanan sistem, integral, oransal-integral, bulanık mantık kontrol metotlarının uygulandığı gerçek zamanlı mikro denetleyici temelli bir geri besleme yapısı içermektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre bulanık mantık denetleyicili sistemin tepki süresi diğer yöntemlere göre daha düşük olduğundan dolayı güç verilen sistem için daha kararlı bir güç kaynağı olmaktadır.Interleaved boost converters proposed in the literature for reduce the size of the circuit and the amount of components, and to decrease the output voltage ripple and pulse width modulation duty cycle. In order to obtain a stable voltage at the output of interleaved boost converters, various control methods have been applied and the performances have been compared in the experimental environment. The proposed system consists of a real-time microcontroller-based feedback structure in which integral, proportional-integral, fuzzy logic control methods are applied. According to the results, the response time of the fuzzy logic controller system is lower than other control methods, so it becomes a more stable power source for the energized system

Clinicopathological and survival characteristics of mismatch repair status and PD-1 expression in serous ovarian cancer

Objective: To evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics of mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency and its clinical outcomes by performing immunohistochemistry (IHC) for MMR genes in the serous ovarian cancer (SOC) tumour sections.Study Design: A retrospective case-control study. Place and Duration of the Study: Gynecology Department of Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, and Department of Medical Oncology of Medipol University, between March 2001 and January 2020. Methodology: IHC was carried out for MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 on full-section slides from 127 SOCs to evaluate the MMR status. MMR-negative and MMR-low groups together were defined as MMR deficient and called microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H). The MSI status and expression of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) were compared in SOCs with different MMR statuses. Results: A significantly higher frequency of MMR-deficient SOCs was diagnosed at early stages compared with the patients in the MSS group (38.6% and 20.6%, respectively, p=0.022). The frequency of cases with PD-1 expression was significantly higher in the MSI-H group (76.2%) than in the MSS counterparts (58.8%, p=0.028). Patients in the MSI-H group had significantly longer DFS (25.6 months) and OS (not reached) than those in the MSS group (16 months and 48.9 months, p=0.039 and p=0.026, respectively).Conclusion: MSI-H SOCs were diagnosed at an earlier stage as compared to MMR proficient cases. The presence of PD-1 expres-sion was significantly higher in cases presenting MMR deficiency compared with MMR-proficient cases. MSI status was significantly associated with DFS and OS